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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Many smokers attempt to quit independently.
  • Print-based self-help materials may support cessation efforts and improve success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of print-based self-help materials for smoking cessation.
  • To compare tailored versus non-tailored materials and adjuncts like pharmacotherapy.
  • To assess effectiveness against no treatment and minimal contact strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 randomized controlled trials.
  • Inclusion of trials with at least six months follow-up, focusing on print-based self-help interventions.
  • Primary outcome: smoking abstinence, using rigorous definitions and biochemical validation where available.

Main Results:

  • Standard, non-tailored materials showed a small, statistically significant benefit compared to no intervention (RR 1.19, CI 1.04-1.37) when excluding heterogeneous trials.
  • Tailored materials demonstrated a significant benefit (RR 1.28, CI 1.18-1.37) compared to non-tailored or no materials.
  • No additional benefit was found when self-help materials were adjuncts to nicotine replacement therapy or professional advice.

Conclusions:

  • Print-based self-help materials offer a small but significant increase in smoking cessation rates.
  • Tailored materials are more effective than standard ones, though the absolute effect size is modest.
  • Further research is needed for effectiveness in low-income countries and with more intensive support.