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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
Published on: February 8, 2022
Echocardiographic evaluation of tetralogy of Fallot
Pooja Swamy1, Aditya Bharadwaj, Padmini Varadarajan
1Department of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA.
Abstract:
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a cyanotic heart disease consisting of nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Early total correction is the treatment of choice and these patients with repaired TOF are increasingly seen in adult practice. This review addresses echocardiographic evaluation of TOF, corrected TOF, its sequelae and various complications. A working knowledge of TOF assessment is essential for all adult cardiologists and sonographers.
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