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Copper distribution in surface and subsurface soil horizons
Daniel Arenas-Lago1, Flora A Vega, Luis Felipe O Silva
1Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
Summary
This study investigated copper (Cu2+) retention in soils, finding it primarily binds to exchangeable forms and organomineral complexes in surface soils. Mineralogical analysis revealed changes including new crystalline phase formation.
Area of Science:
- Soil Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Mineralogy
Background:
- Understanding metal retention in soils is crucial for environmental management.
- Copper (Cu2+) contamination poses risks to ecosystems.
- Soil mineralogy influences metal behavior and bioavailability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the retention capacity and mineralogical changes of soils treated with Cu(2+).
- To determine soil properties influencing copper retention and distribution.
- To elucidate copper's interaction with different soil fractions and mineral phases.
Main Methods:
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystalline phase identification.
- Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) for morphology and composition analysis.
- Sequential extraction to study Cu distribution in geochemical phases.
Main Results:
- Copper treatment increased amorphous phases and formed new crystalline phases (rouaite, nitratine).
- Cu sorbed on Fe hydroxy compounds, clays, and mineral surfaces (albite, muscovite, gibbsite).
- Largest Cu retention was in exchangeable forms; smallest in crystalline Fe oxides and residual fractions.
Conclusions:
- Surface horizons predominantly retain Cu via complexation in organomineral associations.
- Subsurface horizons show Cu retention mainly through adsorption.
- Soil mineralogy significantly impacts copper retention and transformation processes.
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