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DigiPET: sub-millimeter spatial resolution small-animal PET imaging using thin monolithic scintillators.

Samuel España1, Radoslaw Marcinkowski, Vincent Keereman

  • 1Department of Electronics and Information Systems, MEDISIP, Ghent University-iMinds-IBiTech, De Pintelaan 185 block B, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.

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Summary

A new preclinical PET scanner, DigiPET, uses digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) and monolithic crystals for superior, low-cost rodent brain imaging with sub-millimeter resolution. This compact system achieves excellent spatial resolution and sensitivity for advanced preclinical research.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Current preclinical PET scanners offer limited spatial resolution (~1 mm) and large footprints, hindering detailed rodent brain imaging.
  • Achieving sub-millimeter resolution typically requires expensive, difficult-to-produce pixelated crystals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present DigiPET, a novel, compact preclinical PET system utilizing digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs) and monolithic scintillation crystals.
  • To evaluate DigiPET's performance, focusing on spatial resolution, sensitivity, and image quality for rat-brain imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a compact PET system with four detector modules, each featuring a monolithic LYSO crystal coupled to a dSiPM.
  • Employed maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for event positioning, achieving intrinsic detector resolution.
  • Assessed system performance through energy resolution, coincidence resolving time (CRT), sensitivity, and spatial resolution measurements using phantoms and rat-brain imaging.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average intrinsic spatial resolution of 0.54 mm FWHM on the detector.
  • Obtained a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 680 ps and energy resolution of 18% FWHM at 511 keV.
  • Demonstrated a center field of view (FOV) spatial resolution of 0.7 mm and sensitivity of 6.0 cps/kBq, resolving 0.7 mm hot rods in phantom images.

Conclusions:

  • A compact, cost-effective preclinical PET scanner (DigiPET) was successfully developed using dSiPM technology and monolithic LYSO crystals.
  • The system exhibits excellent spatial resolution and acceptable sensitivity, suitable for detailed rat-brain imaging.
  • Promising results in phantom and in-vivo rat imaging highlight DigiPET's potential for advanced preclinical research.