Factors associated with mouthguard use and discontinuation among rugby players in Malaysia

To assess rugby players' preferences for using a mouthguard and to determine the factors contributing to the use and discontinuation of a mouthguard.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in two rugby tournaments from 2009 to 2010. Samples were selected by convenience sampling. Participants were required to complete a self-administered questionnaire, which inquired about awareness and pattern of mouthguard use, as well as reasons if discontinued.

Completed questionnaires were returned by 456 participants, with an estimated response rate of 77.8%. All participants were male (mean age = 22.73, SD = 3.98). Median duration of playing was 6 years, and median frequency was 6 h per week. Overall mouthguard use was low (31.1%, n = 142), especially for custom-fitted mouthguard (1.8%, n = 8), followed by stock mouthguard (7.7%, n = 35). Boil-and-bite type was most commonly used (21.1%, n = 96). Of those who wore a mouthguard before, only 28% continued using it. The discontinuation rate for each type was as follows: stock, 57.1% (P = 0.032); boil-and-bite, 80.2% (P = 0.002); and custom, 37.5% (P = 0.04). Age was a significant factor for mouthguard use (P = 0.007, OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03-1.17). Breathing disturbance (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.17-9.72) and general discomfort (OR = 3.71, 95% CI = 1.68-8.20) were significant factors in discontinuing mouthguard use.

The use of mouthguard was low among rugby players. Custom-made was the least worn type, possibly due to limited availability. The use of mouthguard increased slightly with age but was discouraged by breathing interference and general discomfort. Therefore, preventive effort should focus on early education and reinforcement, as well as on the improvement of wearability and accessibility.