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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

1.6K
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion01:22

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion

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The physiology of the gastrointestinal system begins with ingestion as food enters the mouth.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:09

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

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Upper gastrointestinal motility: prenatal development and problems in infancy.

Maartje M J Singendonk1, Nathalie Rommel2, Taher I Omari3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|June 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review covers prenatal development of upper gastrointestinal motility and common infant motility disorders. It discusses swallowing, breathing coordination, and feeding issues like gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) in neonates.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal development
  • Gastrointestinal motility
  • Pediatric feeding disorders

Background:

  • Swallowing (deglutition) is a complex process involving coordinated breathing and feeding.
  • Infants born at 34 weeks gestational age can feed orally, but respiratory maturation is ongoing.
  • Congenital and developmental disorders can affect swallowing and gastrointestinal motility, leading to feeding difficulties and aspiration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prenatal development of upper gastrointestinal motility.
  • To describe common gastrointestinal motility disorders in early infancy.
  • To highlight the relationship between swallowing, breathing, and feeding in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of prenatal development of upper gastrointestinal motility.
  • Analysis of common infant gastrointestinal motility disorders.
  • Discussion of clinical manifestations including GER, feeding refusal, and aspiration.

Main Results:

  • Swallowing and breathing coordination is crucial for successful feeding in neonates.
  • Gastrointestinal motility disorders can manifest as GER, feeding difficulties, and aspiration.
  • Oesophageal motility disorders are common after surgery for oesophageal atresia, with potential congenital origins.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding prenatal gastrointestinal development is key to identifying infant motility disorders.
  • Early identification and management of these disorders are essential for proper nutrition and development.
  • Further research into congenital motility origins may improve treatment strategies.