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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Australian Meningococcal Surveillance Programme annual report, 2012.

Monica M Lahra1, Rodney P Enriquez2

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Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) cases in Australia reached a record low in 2012, with serogroup B infections being the most prevalent. Surveillance data revealed decreased susceptibility to penicillin among Neisseria meningitidis isolates.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
  • Surveillance of IMD is crucial for understanding disease trends and guiding public health interventions.

Observation:

  • In 2012, Australia reported 208 laboratory-confirmed IMD cases, the lowest number since surveillance began.
  • Serogroup B strains predominated, accounting for 83% of typed isolates, followed by serogroups C, W135, and Y.
  • Disease peaks occurred in young children (≤4 years) and adolescents/young adults (15-24 years).

Findings:

  • Molecular typing identified P1.7-2,4 as the most common porA genotype for serogroup B.
  • 81.9% of Neisseria meningitidis isolates showed decreased susceptibility to penicillin, with one isolate resistant.
  • All isolates remained susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and rifampicin.

Implications:

  • The continued predominance of serogroup B highlights the need for targeted vaccination strategies.
  • Monitoring antibiotic susceptibility is essential for effective treatment of IMD.
  • Low overall case numbers suggest potential success of public health measures, but ongoing surveillance remains critical.