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Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a growing concern in Australia. In 2012, high resistance to penicillins and quinolones was observed, with some decrease in ceftriaxone susceptibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme monitors antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococci) across all Australian states and territories.
  • Continuous surveillance since 1981 provides crucial data on evolving resistance patterns.

Observation:

  • In 2012, 4,718 clinical gonococcal isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
  • Significant variations in antibiotic susceptibility were noted between different Australian jurisdictions and regions.

Findings:

  • High levels of penicillin and quinolone resistance were prevalent across most jurisdictions, with notable exceptions in the Northern Territory and Tasmania.
  • Penicillin resistance varied from 21% in Western Australia to 53% in Victoria.
  • Quinolone resistance ranged from 17% in Queensland to 46% in Victoria, predominantly high-level resistance.
  • Decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone was observed in 4.4% of isolates nationally, an increase from 2011.
  • Azithromycin resistance ranged from 0.3% in the Northern Territory to 2.7% in Victoria.
  • All tested isolates remained susceptible to spectinomycin.

Implications:

  • The findings highlight the urgent need for updated treatment guidelines and antimicrobial stewardship for gonococcal infections in Australia.
  • Continued monitoring is essential to track resistance trends and inform public health strategies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
  • Emerging resistance to ceftriaxone warrants close attention, as it is a key antibiotic for gonorrhea treatment.