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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure01:15

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

13.9K
Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
13.9K
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes01:28

Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes

5.8K
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening into the trachea, typically at the second or third cartilaginous ring level. This opening allows the insertion of a tracheostomy tube, which can replace an endotracheal tube, provide mechanical ventilation, bypass an upper airway obstruction, or remove accumulated tracheobronchial secretions.
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...
5.8K
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

9.4K
Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
9.4K
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

3.7K
Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
3.7K
Endotracheal Tube Extubation01:24

Endotracheal Tube Extubation

7.2K
Endotracheal tube extubation is a critical procedure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. It involves physically removing the oral or nasal endotracheal (ET) tube, marking the final step in liberating a patient from ventilatory support.
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals....
7.2K
Trachea01:22

Trachea

6.2K
The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of...
6.2K

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Corrigendum to "A quasi-experimental study of a bundled diagnostic stewardship intervention for ventilator-associated pneumonia" [Clin Microbiol Infect 30 (2024) 499-506].

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2025
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A quasi-experimental study of a bundled diagnostic stewardship intervention for ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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Transesophageal Echocardiography for Cardiac Surgery Patients With Prior Esophagectomies: Insights From a 15-Year Institutional Experience.

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Neotracheal reconstruction with autologous forearm free flap for long-segment tracheal reconstruction: A case report.

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COVID-19 Transmission to Health Care Personnel During Tracheostomy Under a Multidisciplinary Safety Protocol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway
08:26

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway

Published on: June 6, 2020

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Endotracheal tubes: old and new.

Carl F Haas1, Richard M Eakin2, Mark A Konkle2

  • 1Adult Respiratory Care chaas@umich.edu.

Respiratory Care
|June 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Endotracheal tubes (ETT) are crucial in surgery and critical care but can cause ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Current modifications to ETTs to prevent VAP show mixed results, lacking clear implementation guidelines.

Keywords:
Hunsaker Mon-Jet tubeParker Flex-TipRAE tubebiofilmbronchial blockercuff pressuredouble-lumen tubeendotracheal tubelaser-resistant tubemicroaspirationpolyurethanesilver-coated endotracheal tubesubglottic secretion drainagetapered cuffventilator-associated pneumonia

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Devices
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • The endotracheal tube (ETT) has evolved alongside surgical and anesthetic advancements.
  • ETT modifications serve various functions, from aspiration prevention to airway management.
  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant concern in critical care, with the ETT identified as a primary risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of endotracheal tubes (ETTs).
  • To examine modifications aimed at preventing VAP.
  • To assess the effectiveness of current ETT modifications for VAP prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ETT modifications and associated techniques.
  • Analysis of studies evaluating the efficacy of these modifications.
  • Assessment of bacterial contamination and biofilm formation related to ETTs.

Main Results:

  • ETT modifications aim to prevent aspiration and bacterial contamination.
  • Strategies include cuff pressure management, material changes, subglottic secretion drainage, antimicrobial coatings, and biofilm removal.
  • Studies show mixed results regarding the effectiveness of these VAP prevention strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The endotracheal tube (ETT) is a significant risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
  • Various ETT modifications exist to mitigate VAP risk, including those addressing cuff leakage and internal biofilm.
  • Current evidence on the effectiveness of these modifications is inconclusive, necessitating further research and clearer guidelines.