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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

11
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
11
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

20
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
20
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

54
Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
54
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

191
Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
191
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

46
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
46
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

8.8K
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
8.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis

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Limbic encephalitis.

Karim Mahawish1, Lynne Teinert1, Kathryn Cavanagh1

  • 1Department of Elderly Care, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We describe a case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis, a condition that can mimic rapidly progressive dementia. This case highlights a diagnostic approach for patients with rapid cognitive decline.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is an autoimmune disorder associated with cancer.
  • It can present with rapidly progressive cognitive decline, mimicking other forms of dementia.

Observation:

  • A case study detailing the presenting features of a patient with PLE.
  • The diagnostic process and management plan are described.

Findings:

  • Limbic encephalitis is a crucial differential diagnosis in cases of rapidly progressive dementia.
  • A systematic approach aids in diagnosing patients with acute cognitive decline.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis and management of PLE are essential for improving patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the diagnostic challenges of PLE can guide clinical practice.

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