Bromeliad selection by two salamander species in a harsh environment

Area of Science:

• Ecology
• Herpetology
• Conservation Biology

Background:

• Bromeliad phytotelmata offer stable microclimates and refuge for Neotropical amphibians.
• Understanding amphibian-bromeliad associations is vital, especially for arboreal salamanders.
• Previous research has not detailed fine-scale microhabitat selection by salamanders in bromeliads.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the microhabitat characteristics of epiphytic bromeliads utilized by two Bolitoglossa salamander species.
• To identify key environmental factors influencing salamander presence and size within bromeliad phytotelmata.

Main Methods:

• Field study in volcanic forests of Guatemala, measuring bromeliad and microhabitat variables.
• Assessed phytotelma water temperature, pH, size, canopy cover, and tree characteristics.
• Used DNA barcoding for salamander identification and measured salamander size.

Main Results:

• Two Bolitoglossa species (B. morio and B. pacaya) were found to co-occur in bromeliads.
• Phytotelma size and water temperature were the most significant factors associated with salamander presence.
• Larger salamanders were found in phytotelmata with higher pH, suggesting potential pH modification.

Conclusions:

• Salamander selection of bromeliad microhabitats is nonrandom and influenced by specific traits.
• Phytotelma characteristics play a critical role in salamander habitat selection and potentially influence water chemistry.
• This study provides insights into the specialized arboreal relationships between salamanders and bromeliads.