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Related Concept Videos

Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

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The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
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A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
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Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

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A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
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Magical Thinking01:29

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Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
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Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

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The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
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Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Dissection of Imaginal Discs from 3rd Instar Drosophila Larvae
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Invoking the muse: Dada's chaos.

Diane Rosen1

  • 1State University of New York, Suffern, NY.

Nonlinear Dynamics, Psychology, and Life Sciences
|June 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dadaism, an early 20th-century art movement, embraced chaos and challenged logic. This paper connects Dada

Area of Science:

  • Art History
  • Cognitive Science
  • Complexity Theory

Background:

  • The Dada (anti)art movement emerged in 1916, rejecting bourgeois traditions through expressions of chaos and instability.
  • Dada's embrace of disorder paradoxically foreshadowed new understandings of creativity and nonlinear dynamics.

Observation:

  • Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (NDS) theory, developed nearly a century later, resonates with Dada's perspective on chance and chaos.
  • This paper examines conceptual synergies between NDS theory and Dadaism, exploring their shared nonlinear paradigm.

Findings:

  • A 5P model of creativity (Person, Process, Press, Product, Participant-Viewer) is proposed, extending Rhodes' 4P framework.
  • The model integrates the observer-observed interactivity, highlighting the role of the participant-viewer in creative processes.

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  • Non-methodical methods are presented, derived from art practice, to explore creative border zones where chance and design interact.

    • Implications:

    • The conceptual synergy between Dadaism and NDS theory offers a richer understanding of creativity across disciplines.
    • This interdisciplinary approach re-evaluates the nature of creative cognition by linking historical art movements with modern scientific theories.
    • The findings suggest new avenues for investigating creativity through the lens of nonlinear dynamics and interactive observation.