Thyroglossal duct cyst accompanied by laryngomalacia and pulmonary sequestration

A 2-month-old full-term female infant developed nasal stridor, which progressed to respiratory distress and poor sucking ability. Direct pharyngoscopy showed laryngomalacia and a midline cystic mass in the lingual region. The mass pressed on the epiglottis, causing dyspnea. Computed tomography incidentally revealed extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Direct deroofing of the lingual cyst and plication of the epiglottis were performed at 3 months of age, and the patient recovered from the respiratory distress. Histopathology of the cystic mass showed a thyroglossal duct cyst. Thoracoscopic resection of the pulmonary sequestration was then done at 17 months of age. Thyroglossal duct cysts in the lingual region may cause destabilization of the epiglottis and laryngomalacia, resulting in acquired respiratory obstruction. The combination of thyroglossal duct cyst, laryngomalacia, and pulmonary sequestration is rare; therefore, reports must be accumulated in order to explore the embryological origins of such cases.