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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
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Extranuclear estrogen receptor's roles in physiology: lessons from mouse models
1Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine and Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California ellis.levin@va.gov.
Summary
Extranuclear estrogen receptors (ER) play key roles in cell signaling and disease. Understanding their extranuclear functions offers new therapeutic targets for preventing disease progression.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Steroid receptors are present in various cellular compartments across organs.
- Extranuclear sex steroid receptors are implicated in both normal physiology and pathophysiology, particularly in epithelial tumors.
- These receptors mediate signal transduction affecting both genomic and nongenomic cellular functions.

