Introducing anthropomorphism, discontinuities and anecdotes to question them

Recourse to anthropomorphism, folk psychology, or discontinuist thought, in order to take into account the richness of animal cognitive processes and of their evolution, is of some heuristic value. However, in the absence of recognised criteria allowing the hypothesised behavioural discontinuities between species to be tested and alternative interpretations of anecdotal reports to be selected, there is considerable risk that these alternatives will be ideological rather than scientific. A 'clinical analysis' of this anthropomorphism and discontinuist 'symptom' allows us to unravel its ideological aspect, namely the wishful thinking and the 'egomorphism' of a subject projecting a wishful representation of himself onto one who is not ego, and in turn to investigate its heuristic value in ethnological, psychopathological or animal behavioural studies. This analysis leads us to propose some tools: