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Involvement of PARPs in cell death
Francesca Aredia1, Anna Ivana Scovassi1
1Istituto di Genetica Molecolare CNR, Pavia, Italy.
Frontiers in Bioscience (Elite Edition)
|June 5, 2014
Summary
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is an emergency cellular process activated by DNA damage and stress. This review explores its role as a signaling molecule in various cell death types, including apoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is an enzymatic process utilizing NAD+ to synthesize ADP-ribose polymers.
- This reaction is triggered by cellular stress, particularly DNA damage, acting as an emergency response.
- The role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in regulating cell death pathways is a critical area of investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted properties of poly(ADP-ribose) as a signaling molecule.
- To elucidate the involvement of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in diverse cell death paradigms.
- To consolidate current understanding of this crucial cellular process in the context of cell demise.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on poly(ADP-ribosylation) and cell death.
- Analysis of biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
- Synthesis of information on apoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy.
Main Results:
- Poly(ADP-ribose) acts as a key signaling molecule in cellular stress responses.
- The modulation of poly(ADP-ribosylation) is integral to the execution of distinct cell death pathways.
- Specific roles were identified in apoptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis, and autophagy.
Conclusions:
- Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is a central regulator of cell death.
- Understanding its signaling capacity is vital for deciphering cell fate decisions.
- This review highlights its significance across multiple cell death modalities.
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