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Exposure to context may contribute to within-session changes in responding.

F K McSweeney1, S Swindell1, J N Weatherly2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA.

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|June 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Delayed session starts reduced operant response rates in rats and pigeons. This suggests arousal or context sensitization, not just reinforcement factors, influences behavior within experimental sessions.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Operant Conditioning
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Within-session changes in operant responding are typically attributed to reinforcement-related factors like satiation.
  • However, the precise mechanisms driving these changes remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of delayed session initiation on operant responding in rats and pigeons.
  • To determine if reinforcement-related factors fully explain within-session response rate changes.

Main Methods:

  • Rats and pigeons were exposed to multiple variable interval schedules (30-s and 60-s).
  • Experimental sessions (60 min) were initiated at random intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, or 30 min) after animal placement in the enclosure.

Main Results:

  • Delayed session starts generally resulted in higher early-session response rates.
  • The increase in responding during the early session was smaller with delayed starts compared to immediate starts.
  • These findings indicate that reinforcement factors alone do not account for all within-session response variations.

Conclusions:

  • Factors beyond reinforcement, such as arousal or sensitization to the experimental context, significantly contribute to within-session operant responding.
  • The study provides a potential explanation for the phenomenon of spontaneous recovery in extinguished behaviors.