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Tuberculosis incidence in Cameroonian prisons: a 1-year prospective study
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) transmission remains high in Cameroonian prisons, with incidence rates 9.4 times higher than in the general community, despite control programs. Prison conditions require urgent changes to protect inmates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Prison Health
Background:
- Global tuberculosis (TB) transmission rates in prisons are high.
- Limited research exists on TB incidence in prisons, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the ongoing risk of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Cameroonian prisons.
- To compare PTB incidence in prisons with the general community, even with TB/HIV control programs.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study evaluated PTB incidence over one year in 10 major Cameroonian prisons.
- Included inmates with PTB after 90 days of incarceration.
- Compared prison PTB rates to the male community population.
Main Results:
- The mean annual PTB incidence in prisons was 1,700 per 100,000 person-years.
- The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for PTB in prisons versus the community was 9.4 (95% CI: 8.1-10.9).
Conclusions:
- Current TB control measures in prisons may be insufficient to prevent within-prison transmission.
- Fundamental changes to imprisonment policies and conditions are necessary to improve prisoner health.
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