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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Preliminary Study on Acupuncture Combined with Grain-sized Moxibustion for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis with Finger Joint Pain
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Polymyalgia rheumatica: clinical update.

Faisal Ameer1, Julian McNeil

  • 1FRACP, Senior Advanced Trainee Registrar, Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, and Clinical Associate Lecturer, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA.

Australian Family Physician
|June 6, 2014
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Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory condition causing pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. Early diagnosis and treatment, guided by clinical findings and inflammatory markers, lead to an excellent prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease.
  • Current international guidelines for PMR diagnosis and treatment are lacking, though criteria are under development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize American College of Rheumatology management recommendations for PMR.
  • To discuss the general practitioner's role in diagnosing and managing PMR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of American College of Rheumatology management options for PMR.
  • Discussion of diagnostic indicators and imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • PMR diagnosis relies on clinical presentation (shoulder/hip girdle pain, stiffness) and elevated inflammatory markers.
  • Ultrasound and MRI can identify inflamed tissues in affected joints.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and adequate therapy, potentially including low-dose prednisone, are crucial for PMR.
  • PMR generally has an excellent prognosis with timely intervention.