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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Implantation of a Carotid Cuff for Triggering Shear-stress Induced Atherosclerosis in Mice
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Shear sensitive microRNAs and atherosclerosis.

Tamas Alexy1, Amanda Marie James1, Charles D Searles2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Biorheology
|June 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory artery disease, involves focal plaque buildup influenced by blood flow. MicroRNAs sensitive to flow conditions are key to understanding this process and developing new treatments.

Keywords:
MiRNAatherosclerosisshear stress

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a primary cause of death, characterized by arterial inflammation and plaque formation.
  • Plaque distribution is non-random despite systemic risk factors, suggesting localized influences.
  • The interplay between blood flow, endothelial function, and plaque localization is a critical research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vitro and in vivo models for studying flow-endothelial-plaque relationships.
  • To summarize shear-sensitive microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in atherosclerosis.
  • To explore how miRNAs modulate inflammatory pathways and atherosclerotic burden.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
  • Analysis of scientific literature on shear-sensitive miRNAs.
  • Summary of miRNA-mediated gene expression changes in endothelial cells.

Main Results:

  • Identification of common experimental systems to study flow effects on arteries.
  • Highlighting specific miRNAs responsive to distinct blood flow conditions.
  • Demonstrating miRNA regulation of inflammatory signaling and atherosclerotic lesion development.

Conclusions:

  • Blood flow significantly impacts endothelial function and atherosclerotic plaque localization.
  • Shear-sensitive miRNAs represent a novel regulatory layer in atherosclerosis.
  • Understanding these miRNAs offers potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease.