Scheuermann's disease: current diagnosis and treatment approach

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Genetics
• Adolescent Medicine

Background:

• Scheuermann's disease is the leading cause of structural kyphosis in adolescents.
• Its etiology involves significant genetic factors and potential environmental influences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize current knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of Scheuermann's disease.
• To review the evidence for various therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

• A narrative review of English-language medical literature.
• Focus on diagnostic criteria and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

• Genetic factors play a major role in Scheuermann kyphosis etiology.
• The effectiveness of brace treatment is enhanced with early diagnosis (<50° curve).
• Evidence supporting physical therapy's efficacy is limited, despite its common use.

Conclusions:

• The natural history and optimal treatment for Scheuermann's disease require further investigation.
• Rigorous clinical trials are needed to evaluate conservative interventions like physical therapy and bracing.
• Surgical intervention is reserved for severe, progressive cases or those with neurological deficits.