Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for poor sperm morphology

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Medicine
• Andrology
• Sperm Morphology Analysis

Background:

• Previous studies linking male lifestyle to sperm morphology lack robust evidence.
• Existing research is often underpowered and poorly controlled, weakening conclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between common lifestyle factors and poor sperm morphology.
• To determine if lifestyle modifications can improve sperm quality and enhance conception rates.

Main Methods:

• An unmatched case-referent study involving 318 cases with poor sperm morphology and 1652 referents.
• Data collected via self-reported exposures (alcohol, tobacco, drugs) and occupational factors.
• Sperm morphology assessed by computer analysis (<4% normal forms).

Main Results:

• Sample production in summer (OR=1.99) and cannabis use in men ≤30 years (OR=1.94) were associated with poor sperm morphology.
• Longer abstinence periods (≥6 days) were linked to better sperm morphology (OR=0.64).
• No significant associations found with BMI, underwear type, smoking, or alcohol consumption.

Conclusions:

• Common lifestyle choices contribute little to the risk of poor sperm morphology.
• The study suggests that delaying assisted conception for lifestyle changes is unlikely to improve outcomes.
• Limitations include potential participant bias and differences in methodology compared to other studies.