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RNA Viruses: ROS-Mediated Cell Death

Mohammad Latif Reshi1, Yi-Che Su2, Jiann-Ruey Hong2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ; Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

International Journal of Cell Biology
|June 6, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress in RNA virus infections, impacting host cell death and immune function. Understanding ROS signaling offers new strategies for treating viral diseases.

Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Virology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have dual roles, being both beneficial and harmful.
  • * Chronic oxidative stress is observed in patients with RNA virus infections.
  • * Antioxidant defense systems (SOD, ascorbic acid, glutathione, etc.) are altered in RNA virus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * To explore the link between ROS production and host cell death.
  • * To investigate ROS as signaling molecules in viral replication and organelle function.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review focusing on RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * Analysis of evidence linking oxidative stress to viral pathogenesis.
  • * Examination of specific viruses: influenza, HCV, HIV, and Betanodavirus.

Main Results:

  • * RNA virus infections induce chronic oxidative stress, affecting antioxidant systems.
  • * Oxidative stress contributes to apoptosis, immune dysfunction, viral replication, and inflammation.
  • * ROS production correlates significantly with host cell death.

Conclusions:

  • * ROS play a critical role in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * ROS act as signaling molecules regulating viral replication and cellular functions.
  • * Targeting ROS may offer novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral infections.

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