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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

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Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
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A Quantitative Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Senescence-associated Secretory Phenotype in Normal Human Fibroblasts During Oncogene-induced Senescence
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RNA Viruses: ROS-Mediated Cell Death.

Mohammad Latif Reshi1, Yi-Che Su2, Jiann-Ruey Hong2

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan ; Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

International Journal of Cell Biology
|June 6, 2014
PubMed
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress in RNA virus infections, impacting host cell death and immune function. Understanding ROS signaling offers new strategies for treating viral diseases.

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Production and Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species ROS in Cancers
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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Virology
  • * Immunology

Background:

  • * Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have dual roles, being both beneficial and harmful.
  • * Chronic oxidative stress is observed in patients with RNA virus infections.
  • * Antioxidant defense systems (SOD, ascorbic acid, glutathione, etc.) are altered in RNA virus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * To explore the link between ROS production and host cell death.
  • * To investigate ROS as signaling molecules in viral replication and organelle function.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review focusing on RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * Analysis of evidence linking oxidative stress to viral pathogenesis.
  • * Examination of specific viruses: influenza, HCV, HIV, and Betanodavirus.

Main Results:

  • * RNA virus infections induce chronic oxidative stress, affecting antioxidant systems.
  • * Oxidative stress contributes to apoptosis, immune dysfunction, viral replication, and inflammation.
  • * ROS production correlates significantly with host cell death.

Conclusions:

  • * ROS play a critical role in the pathogenesis of RNA viruses and retroviruses.
  • * ROS act as signaling molecules regulating viral replication and cellular functions.
  • * Targeting ROS may offer novel therapeutic and preventive strategies for viral infections.