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Intrauterine blood transfusion: current indications and associated risks
Irene T M Lindenburg1, Inge L van Kamp, Dick Oepkes
1Department of Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy
|June 7, 2014
Summary
Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) effectively treats fetal anemia, particularly from red cell alloimmunization. This review details IUT indications and potential complications for improved pregnancy outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Perinatology
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Pediatric Hematology
Background:
- Fetal anemia poses significant risks, including perinatal mortality and morbidity.
- Intravascular intrauterine blood transfusion (IUT) has been performed worldwide for 25 years.
- Red cell alloimmunization is a primary indication for IUT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current indications for intrauterine blood transfusions.
- To describe potential complications associated with IUT treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of worldwide experience with intravascular intrauterine blood transfusion over 25 years.
- Focus on established and emerging indications for IUT.
- Analysis of reported complications of IUT procedures.
Main Results:
- Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) is most successful for fetal anemia caused by red cell alloimmunization.
- IUT is also utilized for conditions such as parvovirus B19 infection, fetomaternal hemorrhage, and placental chorioangiomas.
- The review synthesizes data on the efficacy and safety of IUT across various fetal anemia etiologies.
Conclusions:
- Intrauterine transfusion is a critical intervention for managing fetal anemia with diverse indications.
- Understanding IUT indications and potential complications is essential for optimizing perinatal care.
- Continued research and clinical experience enhance the application of IUT in high-risk pregnancies.
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