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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
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Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

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Overview
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

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Viruses customize autophagy protein for efficient viral entry.

Sara Pirooz1, Shanshan He1, Douglas O'Connell1

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA USA.

Autophagy
|June 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Enveloped viruses hijack cellular pathways for entry and genome release. This study explores how UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) protein aids viral trafficking and fusion, offering insights for antiviral therapies.

Keywords:
SNAREsUVRAGautophagyclass C Vps complexvirus entry

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enveloped viruses breach cellular defenses using the endomembrane system.
  • Understanding viral entry is crucial for developing antiviral treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host autophagy factors in negative-stranded RNA virus entry.
  • To elucidate the function of UVRAG in viral and cellular membrane trafficking and fusion.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on prototypic negative-stranded RNA viruses.
  • Analysis of UVRAG's involvement in endocytic trafficking.
  • Examination of UVRAG's role in membrane fusion events.

Main Results:

  • UVRAG is implicated in viral entry mechanisms.
  • UVRAG influences both viral and cellular endocytic pathways.
  • UVRAG plays a role in membrane fusion during viral entry.

Conclusions:

  • Host autophagy factors, like UVRAG, are essential for enveloped virus entry.
  • Targeting UVRAG could be a novel antiviral strategy by disrupting viral trafficking and fusion.