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Silage effluent management: a review.

M M Gebrehanna1, R J Gordon2, A Madani1

  • 1Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada.

Journal of Environmental Management
|June 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Silage effluent, a challenging wastewater from high-moisture crops, requires integrated management. This includes reducing production, ensuring storage integrity, and exploring natural treatment systems like constructed wetlands for effective environmental protection.

Keywords:
ContainmentDisposalLeachateSilage liquorTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Wastewater Management

Background:

  • Silage effluent is a potent, acidic wastewater from high-moisture crops, posing environmental risks like eutrophication and infrastructure damage.
  • Current research primarily focuses on preventing effluent production, with limited investigation into reactive management strategies.
  • Climate variability and agricultural intensification necessitate comprehensive, multi-layered management approaches for silage effluent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors governing silage effluent production and explore minimization, treatment, and disposal options.
  • To highlight the challenges posed by silage effluent's chemical constituents and acidity.
  • To advocate for a multi-faceted management strategy incorporating preventative and reactive measures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of silage effluent production, management, treatment, and disposal.
  • Analysis of chemical constituents and environmental impacts of silage effluent.
  • Synthesis of current research and identification of knowledge gaps.

Main Results:

  • Silage effluent is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrient content, and acidity (pH 3.5-5).
  • Effective management requires reducing crop moisture content, maintaining silo integrity, and establishing treatment/disposal infrastructure.
  • Constructed wetlands and vegetated infiltration areas show promise for treating dilute effluent, but require further research on design criteria and loading rates.

Conclusions:

  • A multi-faceted approach is crucial for minimizing environmental risks associated with silage effluent.
  • Further research is needed on natural treatment systems, pre-treatment processes, and effluent loading rates.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of land application on soil and crop yields is essential for sustainable disposal practices.