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Related Experiment Videos

Layered structure of cast titanium surface.

O Miyakawa, K Watanabe, S Okawa

    Dental Materials Journal
    |December 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals a four-layer surface structure on cast titanium (Ti) formed by reactions with investment molds. Thicker layers and coarser grains form with larger casts and higher mold temperatures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Metallurgy
    • Surface Engineering

    Background:

    • Casting titanium (Ti) involves interactions between the molten metal and the mold material.
    • Understanding the interfacial zone is crucial for controlling cast properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the surface layered structure formed on cast titanium.
    • To analyze the composition and formation of the interfacial zone between Ti and a phosphate-bonded Al2O3/SiO2 investment.

    Main Methods:

    • Casting commercial titanium into a phosphate-bonded Al2O3/SiO2 investment mold.
    • Elemental analysis of the interfacial zone using an electron probe micro-analyzer.

    Main Results:

    • A four-layer structure was identified at the interface: casting burn layer, O- and Al-stabilized alpha case, Si-P-O-C concentrated layer, and acicular/plate-like crystals.
    • Layer thickness and grain coarseness increased with larger cast volumes and higher mold temperatures.
    • The layered structure likely results from the diffusion of elements from decomposed investment materials into the casting.

    Conclusions:

    • The investment mold significantly influences the surface structure of cast titanium.
    • Process parameters like cast volume and mold temperature control the extent of interfacial reactions and layer formation.
    • Further research could optimize investment materials and casting conditions to mitigate undesirable surface layer formation.

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