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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

23
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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Green space and mortality following ischemic stroke.

Elissa H Wilker1, Chih-Da Wu2, Eileen McNeely3

  • 1Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.

Environmental Research
|June 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Living near green space is linked to better survival after ischemic stroke. This study suggests that increased access to natural environments may improve outcomes for stroke survivors.

Keywords:
EnvironmentGreen spaceMortality

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Stroke Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Green space is known to benefit physical and mental health.
  • The impact of green space on post-stroke survival remains unstudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between residential proximity to green space and survival after acute ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Identified patients (≥21 years) hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke (1999-2008).
  • Linked patient addresses to green space (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and traffic data.
  • Tracked mortality through the Social Security Death Index until June 2012.

Main Results:

  • A total of 929 deaths occurred among 1645 patients (5-year median follow-up).
  • Living in the highest quartile of green space was associated with a 22% lower risk of death (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97).
  • This association remained significant after adjusting for medical, demographic, socioeconomic factors, and proximity to high-traffic roads.

Conclusions:

  • Residential proximity to green space is associated with improved survival rates post-ischemic stroke.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms, exposure-response relationships, and factors influencing mortality in low-green-space areas.