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Induced systemic resistance by beneficial microbes.

Corné M J Pieterse1, Christos Zamioudis, Roeland L Berendsen

  • 1Plant-Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands; email: C.M.J.Pieterse@uu.nl , C.Zamioudis@uu.nl , R.L.Berendsen@uu.nl , S.VanWees@uu.nl , P.A.H.M.Bakker@uu.nl.

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Summary

Beneficial root microbes prime plant defenses through induced systemic resistance (ISR). This review explores how these microbes, like bacteria and fungi, enhance plant immunity without costly defense activation.

Keywords:
defense primingplant growth–promoting microbesplant immunityrhizosphere microbiomeroot signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Beneficial microbes in plant roots enhance plant health and immunity.
  • Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a key mechanism where microbes prime plant defenses.
  • Root-associated mutualists sensitize the plant immune system without direct defense activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of ISR at the plant root-microbe interface.
  • To discuss progress in understanding ISR signaling and systemic defense priming.
  • To highlight the role of specific factors like MYB72 and phytohormones in ISR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular processes and signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of studies on root-associated bacteria, fungi, and mycorrhizae.
  • Examination of transcription factors, phytohormones, and defense regulatory proteins.

Main Results:

  • ISR involves root-specific transcription factors, notably MYB72, initiating defense priming.
  • Phytohormones and defense proteins mediate the expression of ISR in aboveground plant tissues.
  • ISR-inducing microbes are ecologically significant components of the root microbiome.

Conclusions:

  • ISR is a crucial plant defense strategy mediated by beneficial root microbes.
  • Understanding ISR molecular pathways offers potential for sustainable agriculture.
  • The ecological role of ISR-inducing microbes in plant health is significant.