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Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in Germany, 2013.

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA was detected in German blood donations, leading to transmission via apheresis platelets in an immunosuppressed patient. This highlights the risk of HEV infection from blood products, even in immunocompetent individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a growing concern in developed countries.
  • Previous studies reported HEV IgG seroprevalence (6.8%) and HEV RNA (0.08%) in German blood donations.
  • Documented evidence for HEV transmission through blood products was lacking.

Observation:

  • Two blood donations from a single donor tested positive for HEV RNA at high concentrations (120 IU/mL and 490 IU/mL).
  • An immunosuppressed patient received apheresis platelets containing 7,056 IU HEV RNA.
  • An immunocompetent child also showed probable HEV transmission.

Findings:

  • The study confirmed HEV RNA presence in blood donations.
  • Demonstrated HEV transmission via apheresis platelets to an immunosuppressed recipient, resulting in chronic HEV infection.
  • Suggested probable HEV transmission to an immunocompetent child.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV in Germany.
  • Suggests the need for improved screening or pathogen reduction strategies for blood products.
  • Emphasizes HEV as a transfusion-transmitted pathogen in immunocompromised and potentially immunocompetent populations.