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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Breathing01:05

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive sleep apnoea and arthrogryposis.

Cindy Jon1, Ricardo Alberto Mosquera1, Sarah Mitchell2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 8, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arthrogryposis patients can experience obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy effectively resolved these breathing issues, improving daytime energy levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Genetics and Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Arthrogryposis is a rare congenital disorder characterized by multiple joint contractures.
  • Sleep-disordered breathing is an under-recognized complication in children with arthrogryposis.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old child with arthrogryposis presented with significant snoring.
  • Polysomnography confirmed severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation.

Findings:

  • Adenotonsillectomy provided partial improvement in sleep-disordered breathing.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy led to complete resolution of obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation.
  • The patient demonstrated improved adherence to nasal CPAP over time, reporting increased daytime energy.

Implications:

  • Early identification and management of sleep-disordered breathing are crucial in children with arthrogryposis.
  • CPAP therapy is an effective treatment for significant obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation in this population.
  • Addressing CPAP tolerance issues can improve adherence and long-term outcomes.