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The effects of environmental variability and spatial sampling on the three-dimensional inversion problem.

Christopher M Bender1, Megan S Ballard1, Preston S Wilson2

  • 1Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, P.O. Box 8029, Austin, Texas 78713-8029.

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Summary

Quantifying environmental variability and spatial sampling effects on ocean sound speed estimates is crucial. This study uses acoustic data and inversion to assess accuracy and uncertainty in 3D ocean sound-speed fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Estimating the three-dimensional ocean sound-speed field is vital for underwater acoustics.
  • Environmental variability and the density of observing systems impact estimate accuracy.
  • Perturbative inversion schemes utilize acoustic data for sound-speed field estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of environmental variability and spatial sampling on the accuracy and uncertainty of ocean sound-speed field estimates.
  • To explore the interplay between environmental complexity and data acquisition strategies.
  • To assess the effectiveness of sparse autonomous observing systems in characterizing ocean sound speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a perturbative inversion scheme with acoustic data from a sparse autonomous observing system.
  • Employed synthetic data simulating ocean variability characteristic of the New Jersey shelf.
  • Conducted case studies to analyze the effects of varying environmental complexity and sampling density.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that vertical and horizontal resolution are dependent on acoustic data bandwidth and source-receiver quantity, respectively.
  • Showed that highly variable environments may not be fully characterized even with numerous sensors, leading to uncertainty.
  • Quantified the relationship between environmental variability, spatial sampling, and the accuracy/uncertainty of sound-speed estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental variability and spatial sampling are critical factors influencing the accuracy and uncertainty of 3D ocean sound-speed field estimations.
  • Sparse observing systems require careful consideration of sampling strategies to effectively characterize complex ocean environments.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and mitigating errors in acoustic-based oceanographic measurements.