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Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Present and future.

E D Frohlich1

  • 1Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|May 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors lower blood pressure by reducing angiotensin II and increasing bradykinin. These hypertension drugs decrease vascular resistance and improve cardiac function.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Hypertension management includes diuretics, beta-blockers, and calcium antagonists.
  • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors offer a therapeutic option for initial hypertension treatment.
  • ACE inhibitors target the renin-angiotensin system, a key pressor mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic role and mechanisms of ACE inhibitors in hypertension.
  • To elucidate the hemodynamic and organ-specific effects of ACE inhibitors.
  • To explore the potential for future ACE inhibitor development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ACE inhibitors and their effects.
  • Analysis of hemodynamic data related to ACE inhibitor administration.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
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A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

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08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

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  • Examination of cellular and molecular mechanisms of ACE inhibition.

    • Main Results:

    • ACE inhibitors reduce arterial pressure by decreasing total peripheral resistance without reflex tachycardia or volume expansion.
    • They dilate both afferent and efferent glomerular arterioles, lowering glomerular hydrostatic pressure and filtration fraction while preserving renal blood flow and GFR.
    • ACE inhibitors reduce left ventricular afterload, cardiac mass, and wall thickness, involving local renin-angiotensin system actions.

    Conclusions:

    • ACE inhibitors are effective antihypertensive agents with beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal systems.
    • Their mechanisms involve antagonizing the renin-angiotensin system and affecting local cellular processes.
    • Future ACE inhibitors may target local renin-angiotensin systems for novel therapeutic applications.