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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

28
The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

26
Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
26
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

51
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
51
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

51
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
51
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

23
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
11:30

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

Published on: July 25, 2025

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[Cervical medullar infarction in multileveled discopathy].

J Stricker, R Hourrez, R N'Gbo N'Gbo Ikazabo

    Revue Medicale De Bruxelles
    |June 10, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Anterior spinal artery syndrome is a rare stroke type. Multilevel discopathy was identified as an uncommon cause in this case report.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Vascular Neurology
    • Spinal Cord Medicine

    Background:

    • Spinal cord infarction is a rare condition, accounting for approximately 1% of all strokes.
    • It leads to acute and severe neurological deficits.
    • Anterior spinal artery syndrome is a specific subtype.

    Observation:

    • This case report details a patient experiencing anterior spinal artery infarction at the C5-C6 level.
    • The patient presented with acute neurological deficits consistent with spinal cord ischemia.

    Findings:

    • The primary risk factor identified was a multileveled discopathy.
    • This finding is significant as discopathy is an uncommon etiology for anterior spinal artery syndrome.

    Implications:

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

    Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
    11:30

    Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

    Published on: July 25, 2025

    1.7K
    • Highlights discopathy as a potential, albeit rare, cause of spinal cord infarction.
    • Emphasizes the need for thorough etiological investigation in spinal cord stroke.
    • Contributes to understanding the diverse pathologies underlying anterior spinal artery syndrome.