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Related Concept Videos

Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Relation between Spongy Bone Density in the Maxilla and Skeletal Bone Density.

Joe Merheb1, Andy Temmerman1, Wim Coucke2

  • 1Unit of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer, Belgium.

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research
|June 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Maxillary bone density is lower in osteoporosis patients and correlates with skeletal density. Measuring jawbone density may help screen for osteoporosis.

Keywords:
Hounsfield unitsbone densitybone mineral densitydual-energy x-ray absorptiometrymaxillaskeletal

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Area of Science:

  • Osteoporosis research
  • Dental and skeletal bone density analysis
  • Medical imaging applications

Background:

  • Osteoporosis affects over 300 million people globally, leading to significant medical complications.
  • Understanding the relationship between skeletal and maxillary bone density is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between skeletal bone density and maxillary bone density.
  • To assess the potential of maxillary bone density measurements for osteoporosis screening.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-three patients were categorized into osteoporosis, healthy (control), and osteopenia groups using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to measure bone density at five specific maxillary sites.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed in relation to hip and spine BMD.

Main Results:

  • Osteoporotic patients exhibited lower bone density compared to controls.
  • Maxillary tuberosities showed the strongest correlation with hip and spine BMD (r=0.50 and r=0.61, respectively).
  • Maxillary bone density measurements could predict osteoporosis with 65% sensitivity and 83% specificity.

Conclusions:

  • Maxillary bone density is significantly reduced in individuals with osteoporosis.
  • A direct correlation exists between skeletal and certain maxillary bone densities.
  • Maxillary bone density assessment shows promise as a screening tool for osteoporosis.