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The most effective intervention for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: using continuous performance test
Sayyed Davood Meftagh1, Arash Najimi, Norallah Mohammadi
1Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Iran.
Insights
Pharmacotherapy effectively improved attention deficit and correct responses in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Behavioral mother training and verbal self-instruction showed no significant difference in hyperactivity symptoms compared to control.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
- Treatment options for ADHD include behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy.
- Comparing the efficacy of different ADHD treatments is crucial for clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of behavioral mother training (BMT), verbal self-instruction (VSI), and pharmacotherapy in children with ADHD.
- To evaluate the impact of these interventions on attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms.
- To assess treatment outcomes using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT).
Main Methods:
- A semi-experimental study involving 51 elementary school students diagnosed with ADHD.
- Random assignment of participants to BMT, VSI, and control groups.
- A separate pharmacotherapy group was formed with 22 ADHD patients from a hospital setting.
- Data collected using the Child Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4) and CPT, with assessments at post-test and 2-month follow-up.
Main Results:
- A statistically significant difference was observed in the severity of attention deficit and the number of correct responses on the CPT across treatment groups (P=0.01).
- No significant difference in hyperactivity symptoms was found between the treatment groups (P=0.08).
- The time factor demonstrated a significant difference in outcomes among the groups (p<0.001).
Conclusions:
- Pharmacotherapy demonstrated efficacy in improving attention deficits and the number of correct responses in children with ADHD.
- Behavioral interventions (BMT, VSI) did not show a significant advantage over the control group for hyperactivity symptoms.
- Further research may be needed to explore the differential effects of these treatments on various ADHD symptom domains.
Background:
This study compares the effectiveness of three treating methods including behavioral mother training (BMT), Verbal self-instruction to the children (VSI), and pharmacotherapy in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using the continuous performance test (CPT).
Subjects And Methods:
In this semi-experimental study, 51 elementary students were identified in a boys' school in Shiraz (age 8-10) with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in a pilot study (among 1760 students). They were randomly divided into three groups; BMT, VSI, and control group. Moreover, 22 students were selected with ADHD among the clients in Hafez hospital. They were chosen by the availability method and they were put into the Pharmacotherapy group. Data collection tools were the Child Symptoms Inventory (CSI-4) and the continuous performance test. All of the groups were evaluated after the intervention and in post-test and also 2 months later in follow up.
Results:
The treatment type (group) showed statistically significant difference in the result of CPT on severity of attention-deficit and in the number of correct responses (P=0.01), yet on the hyperactivity symptoms, there was no significant difference between the different treatment groups (P=0.08). The time factor shows a significant difference among the different groups (p<0.001).
Conclusions:
Comparison of the various treatments of ADHD indicates that pharmacotherapy can improve the severity of attention deficit and the number of correct answers of children with ADHD.
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