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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

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DNA photoprotection conveyed by sunscreen.

Charlene DeHaven1, Patrick J Hayden, Alexander Armento

  • 1Innovative Skincare, Burbank, California, USA.

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
|June 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Sunscreen effectively protects skin DNA from UV damage. Applying sunscreen before UV exposure significantly reduces DNA damage markers, indicating it helps prevent photoaging and skin cancer risks.

Keywords:
DNA damageapoptosiscyclopyrimidine dimerphotoagingsunburn cellsunscreens

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skin photoaging results from solar UV exposure, involving significant DNA damage.
  • Sunscreens are crucial for mitigating UV-induced skin damage.
  • In vitro models offer a reliable method to assess sunscreen efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the use of in vitro skin models for assessing sunscreen's DNA protection capabilities.
  • To quantify the DNA damage reduction provided by sunscreen against full-spectrum UV radiation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in vitro skin equivalents exposed to simulated full-spectrum solar UV radiation.
  • Sunscreen was applied to skin models before UV exposure.
  • Assessed DNA damage by quantifying cyclopyrimidine dimer (CPD) and sunburn cell (SBC) formation.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in both CPDs and SBCs was observed in skin models pre-treated with sunscreen.
  • Sunscreen application demonstrated a protective effect against UV-induced DNA damage.

Conclusions:

  • Sunscreen application before UV exposure effectively protects skin DNA from photodamage.
  • Reduced DNA damage (CPDs and SBCs) suggests a lowered risk of photoaging and malignant transformation.
  • In vitro skin models are suitable for evaluating sunscreen's protective effects on DNA.