Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reassessing Choice Probability: What 59 Macaque Studies Tell Us About Decision-Related Activity in Visual Cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Unraveling the geometry of visual relational reasoning.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

A novel behavioral paradigm using mice to study predictive postural control.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026

Same author

AAV NRF2 gene therapy preserves retinal structure and function in rodent models of oxidative damage.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026

Same author

AAV NRF2 gene therapy preserves retinal structure and function in rodent models of oxidative damage.

Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy·2026

Same author

Order-Selective Cells Tile Temporal Space and Predict Order Memory in Humans.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same journal

Treadmill exercise rescues motor deficits in parkinsonian mice by modulating striatal D2-MSN activity: evidence from calcium imaging and chemogenetics.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Transfer learning for EEG-based BCIs: a comparative evaluation and optimization of data alignment methods.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same journal

The volatile anesthetic isoflurane causes global suppression of neuronal activity, disrupting hub neuron function in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Associative emotional memory encoding: insights from network stability analysis of an fMRI-driven bilinear dynamics.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same journal

The neurobiological basis of the awe experience in affective disorders: an exploratory EEG study.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

Same journal

Exploring the spiking neural autoencoder: from hyperexcitability to noise-driven compensation.

Frontiers in systems neuroscience·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Corticocortical feedback increases the spatial extent of normalization.

Jonathan J Nassi¹, Camille Gómez-Laberge², Gabriel Kreiman³

¹Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA.

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience

|June 10, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Corticocortical feedback influences visual processing by expanding the normalization pool in the primary visual cortex (V1). This mechanism reduces surround suppression and plays a key role in contextual information processing.

Keywords:

alert macaque area summation corticocortical feedback normalization visual cortex

More Related Videos

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Published on: October 24, 2012

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Visual System Research

Background:

Normalization is a proposed computation across brain regions, modalities, and species.
It describes non-linear responses in the primary visual cortex (V1), like contrast response and surround suppression.
Neural mechanisms of normalization remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if corticocortical feedback contributes to normalization in V1.
To test the hypothesis that feedback modulates surround suppression via normalization.

Main Methods:

Characterized area summation and contrast response in V1 of alert macaques.
Inactivated feedback from V2 and V3.
Applied a standard normalization model to the collected data.

Main Results:

Area summation was explained by divisive normalization involving a normalization pool.
Feedback inactivation reduced surround suppression by shrinking the normalization pool's spatial extent.
Feedback's effect on normalization was independent of contrast gain modulation.

Conclusions:

Corticocortical feedback contributes to surround suppression by expanding the visuotopic extent of normalization.
Feedback plays a critical role in contextual information processing through this normalization mechanism.