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Fixed versus Removable Appliance for Palatal Expansion; A 3D Analysis Using the Finite Element Method.

Allahyar Geramy1, Atefe Saffar Shahroudi2

  • 1Professor, Dental Research Center Dentistry Instituted, Orthodontics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Journal of Dentistry (Tehran, Iran)
|June 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study found that removable palatal expanders cause more stress on alveolar bone and tooth movement than fixed palatal expanders. Finite element analysis revealed higher bone stress and cusp displacement with removable appliances, indicating potential differences in treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Finite Element MethodOrthodonticsPalatal Expansion Technique

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Mechanics

Background:

  • Posterior crossbite is commonly treated with palatal expansion appliances.
  • Removable and fixed palatal expanders are two common treatment options.
  • Understanding the biomechanical effects of these appliances is crucial for optimizing treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the stress distribution in alveolar bone and the pattern of tooth displacement between removable and fixed palatal expanders.
  • To utilize finite element method (FEM) analysis for evaluating these biomechanical responses.

Main Methods:

  • Two 3D finite element models of the maxilla, including upper first molars and surrounding structures, were created.
  • Models incorporated both removable and fixed palatal expander designs.
  • Appliances were subjected to a 0.1 mm lateral displacement, and stress (von Mises) and vertical cusp displacement were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Removable appliances (RA) induced significantly higher stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL), apical, and crestal alveolar bone compared to fixed appliances (FA).
  • Cortical and spongy bone crestal stress was notably greater with RA.
  • Vertical displacement of molar cusps was substantially larger with RA than FA.

Conclusions:

  • Removable palatal expanders generate higher overall stress in the periodontium and alveolar bone compared to fixed palatal expanders.
  • The greater stress and displacement observed with removable appliances may influence treatment efficacy and patient comfort.
  • Finite element analysis provides valuable insights into the biomechanical differences between palatal expansion devices.