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Sex disparities in neuro-ophthalmologic disorders

John J Chen1, Fiona Costello, Randy H Kardon

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa , Iowa , USA .

Current Eye Research
|June 10, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Neuro-ophthalmic diseases show distinct sex predilections, impacting diagnosis and pathogenesis. This review covers common conditions with female or male predominance, exploring the reasons behind these differences.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-ophthalmology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Sex predilection is a key feature in many neuro-ophthalmic diseases.
  • Understanding these differences aids in diagnosis, risk stratification, and elucidating disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common neuro-ophthalmic diseases with a notable sex predilection.
  • To explore the underlying etiologies contributing to these sex-based discrepancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuro-ophthalmic diseases with sex predilection.
  • Analysis of clinical manifestations and etiological factors.

Main Results:

  • Common conditions with female predilection include idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, meningioma, multiple sclerosis, migraine, breast-cancer associated neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, sarcoidosis, bisphosphonate-associated orbital inflammation, and pregnancy-related disorders.
  • Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy exhibits male predominance.
  • Etiologies for sex discrepancies are explored for each condition.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing sex predilections in neuro-ophthalmic diseases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and understanding disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into the etiological factors driving sex differences can inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
Disparitygenderhormonesneuro-ophthalmologysex

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