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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
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Simultaneous Measurement of Superoxide/Hydrogen Peroxide and NADH Production by Flavin-containing Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases
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Superoxide production by cytochrome bc1 complex: a mathematical model.

F Guillaud1, S Dröse2, A Kowald3

  • 1Theoretische Biophysik, Humboldt University, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115, Berlin, Germany; INSERM U1082, University of Poitiers, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, CHU of Poitiers, 6 rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|June 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study models reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondria. The mathematical model explains ROS production at complex III of the electron transport chain, crucial for understanding aging and diseases.

Keywords:
Antimycin AComplex IIIMathematical modelReactive oxygen speciesSuperoxide

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Mitochondrial Physiology
  • Disease Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to diseases like Alzheimer's and aging.
  • The electron transport chain (ETC) in mitochondria is a primary source of ROS.
  • Complex III of the ETC is a significant site for superoxide production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a mathematical model for understanding ROS generation at mitochondrial complex III.
  • To mechanistically investigate the factors influencing ROS production by complex III.
  • To validate the model against experimental data from rat tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mathematical model for complex III activity.
  • Analysis of ROS production under varying conditions (e.g., antimycin presence, membrane potential).
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental data across different rat tissues.

Main Results:

  • The mathematical model accurately describes experimental data for complex III activity and ROS production.
  • The model elucidates ROS generation influenced by antimycin and membrane potential (∆Ψ).
  • Findings support ubiquinone's role as a redox mediator between heme bL and oxygen.

Conclusions:

  • The developed mathematical model provides a robust framework for studying mitochondrial ROS generation.
  • Understanding complex III ROS production is vital for insights into aging and disease.
  • The model reinforces the established role of ubiquinone in the electron transport chain.