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Updated: Apr 28, 2026
16:56
Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
Published on: August 30, 2014
18.4K
Buccal and sublingual vaccine delivery
Heleen Kraan1, Hilde Vrieling2, Cecil Czerkinsky3
1Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Summary
Sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery offer targeted immune responses but face tolerance challenges. This review explores strategies and formulations for effective mucosal vaccination via these understudied routes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Drug Delivery
Background:
- Mucosal tissues are ideal for vaccination due to their large surface area and immune cell presence.
- Local immune responses at mucosal sites are crucial for preventing pathogen entry.
- Mucosal surfaces possess tolerance mechanisms that can hinder vaccine-induced immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery methods.
- To compare these routes with other mucosal delivery sites.
- To discuss advancements in formulations for effective sublingual and buccal vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery strategies.
- Comparison of different mucosal administration routes.
- Analysis of vaccine formulations, adjuvants, and dosage forms.
Main Results:
- Sublingual and buccal routes are less explored than oral, nasal, or pulmonary vaccination.
- Overcoming mucosal tolerance is key for successful vaccination via these routes.
- Adjuvants and specific delivery systems are critical for potent sublingual/buccal vaccines.
Conclusions:
- Developing effective sublingual and buccal vaccines requires overcoming tolerance mechanisms.
- Optimized formulations, including adjuvants and dosage forms, are essential.
- Further research is needed to address challenges in sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery.
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