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Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly and AIDS: a case report.

Zuleica Naomi Tano1, Chafic Esper Kallas Filho2, Regina Mitsuka Breganó3

  • 1Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases
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Summary

Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly (HMS), a rare condition in Brazil, was diagnosed in an HIV-positive man with massive splenomegaly. Treatment led to significant clinical improvement, highlighting malaria

Keywords:
AidsHyperreactivemalarious splenomegaly

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Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Malaria is endemic in Northern Brazil, but Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly (HMS) is infrequently documented.
  • Splenomegaly in HIV/AIDS patients has a broad differential diagnosis, with malaria being a potential cause of significant enlargement irrespective of HIV status.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old HIV-positive male presented with massive splenomegaly.
  • The patient had a history of multiple malaria infections and met the diagnostic criteria for HMS.

Findings:

  • The patient received a brief course of antimalarial therapy and weekly chloroquine prophylaxis.
  • Over nine months, significant clinical and laboratory improvements were observed, confirming the diagnosis of HMS.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering malaria, even in HIV-positive individuals, as a cause of massive splenomegaly.
  • The successful management of HMS in this patient underscores the need for increased awareness and diagnostic consideration of this rare condition in Brazil.