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Related Concept Videos

Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Microbial Bioremediation of Pesticides01:28

Microbial Bioremediation of Pesticides

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Pesticides often feature structurally complex chemical architectures, incorporating halogen groups and multiple aromatic rings. These characteristics confer high chemical stability, rendering many pesticides resistant to natural degradation processes. This resistance poses significant environmental concerns, as persistent pesticide residues can accumulate in ecosystems and affect non-target organisms.Despite the inherent stability of many pesticides, certain microorganisms possess the metabolic...
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Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons01:26

Microbial Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons

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Bioremediation is an environmentally sustainable process that employs living organisms—primarily microorganisms—to degrade or neutralize pollutants from contaminated environments. In oil spills and hydrocarbon pollution, bioremediation involves the use of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to transform toxic compounds into less harmful substances. This approach leverages natural microbial metabolic processes and is considered both cost-effective and ecologically favorable compared to...
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Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium01:25

Microbial Bioremediation of Uranium

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Microorganisms play a critical role in the transformation and immobilization of uranium in contaminated environments through four main pathways: bioreduction, biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biomineralization. These mechanisms reduce uranium’s toxicity and prevent its migration through groundwater systems, offering sustainable approaches for in situ bioremediation.Bioreduction of UraniumBioreduction is driven by anaerobic bacteria such as certain strains of Geobacter and Shewanella,...
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Microbe-Plant Interactions01:09

Microbe-Plant Interactions

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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Biodeterioration01:28

Biodeterioration

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Biodeterioration refers to the unwanted alteration of materials caused by microorganisms—especially fungi—which damage both organic substrates (paper, wood, textiles) and inorganic ones (stone, plaster, glass). Unlike abiotic decay, biodeterioration results from biological activity that produces physical disruption and chemical degradation.Physical deterioration occurs as fungal hyphae penetrate pores, cracks, and surface irregularities. Hyphal turgor pressure, thigmotropic growth...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Isolation and Screening from Soil Biodiversity for Fungi Involved in the Degradation of Recalcitrant Materials
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PAH phytoremediation: rhizodegradation or rhizoattenuation?

S Ouvrard, P Leglize, J L Morel

    International Journal of Phytoremediation
    |June 11, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phytoremediation shows promise for treating persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in soil. However, its effectiveness for bio-recalcitrant compounds like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is limited by bioavailability challenges.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Soil Science
    • Bioremediation

    Background:

    • Soil contamination with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is a growing global concern.
    • Conventional treatments often involve complete eradication of contaminants.
    • Green technologies like bioremediation and phytoremediation offer environmentally friendly alternatives.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss the status and treatment potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil.
    • To evaluate the applicability and limitations of phytoremediation for PAH-contaminated soils.
    • To assess the specific benefits of plants, particularly rhizoattenuation, in PAH remediation.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and critical discussion of existing research on PAH remediation.

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  • Analysis of the effectiveness of bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies.
  • Evaluation of factors limiting phytoremediation, such as PAH bioavailability.

    • Main Results:

    • Phytoremediation is often presented as an efficient, low-cost, and environmentally acceptable technology.
    • The success of phytoremediation for bio-recalcitrant compounds like PAHs has not met expectations.
    • High affinity of PAHs to soil organic matter significantly limits their bioavailability, posing a major challenge.

    Conclusions:

    • While phytoremediation offers environmental benefits, its application for PAH-contaminated soils is constrained by bioavailability issues.
    • Quantifying PAH bioavailability and characterizing the recalcitrant fraction are critical research gaps.
    • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and enhance the efficacy of phytoremediation for recalcitrant soil contaminants.