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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

35
Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
35
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
2.5K
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
36
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

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γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
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Prevalence of adult epilepsy in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama study.

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[Recent Advances in the Medical Care and Treatment of Epilepsy: VII. New-onset Epilepsy in the Elderly].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Generation and On-Demand Initiation of Acute Ictal Activity in Rodent and Human Tissue
06:45

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[Clinical guidelines for epilepsy].

Sadatoshi Tsuji

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |June 11, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Japanese clinical guidelines for epilepsy recommend carbamazepine for partial onset and sodium valproate for generalized onset epilepsy. New anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved for add-on therapy in adults with partial epilepsy.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Evidence-Based Medicine

    Context:

    • International epilepsy guidelines exist, with Japan's Japanese Society of Neurology (JSN) publishing key documents in 2002 and 2010.
    • The 2010 JSN clinical guideline for epilepsy management targets general practitioners.
    • The Japan Epilepsy Society has also published 16 topic-specific guidelines since 2005.

    Purpose:

    • To outline the recommendations of the 2010 Japanese clinical guideline for epilepsy management.
    • To inform practitioners about recommended anti-epileptic drug (AED) monotherapy for new-onset epilepsy.
    • To highlight the availability of new AEDs for add-on treatment in Japan.

    Summary:

    • The 2010 guideline recommends carbamazepine for new onset partial epilepsy and sodium valproate for new onset generalized epilepsy as initial monotherapy.

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  • Newer anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been approved in Japan, primarily for add-on treatment in adult patients with partial epilepsy.
  • These guidelines aim to standardize and improve epilepsy care across Japan.

    • Impact:

    • The 2010 clinical guideline for epilepsy is expected to enhance the management of epilepsy patients in Japan.
    • Standardized treatment recommendations can lead to more consistent and effective patient outcomes.
    • Facilitates the adoption of evidence-based practices by general practitioners in epilepsy care.