[MRI and CT in the diagnosis of epilepsy]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Epilepsy diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on neuroimaging techniques.
• Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is crucial for detecting early cerebral alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review key radiological findings in epilepsy.
• To correlate imaging findings with seizure activity and underlying etiologies.

Main Methods:

• Review of radiological findings in epilepsy.
• Analysis of imaging in congenital brain abnormalities, neurocutaneous syndromes, vascular disorders, and encephalitis/encephalopathy.

Main Results:

• Identified seizure-associated findings: reduced diffusion, hippocampal/cortical swelling, reversible splenial lesions.
• Cataloged imaging features of epilepsy-causing lesions: congenital abnormalities (e.g., focal cortical dysplasia), neurocutaneous syndromes (e.g., tuberous sclerosis), vascular disorders (e.g., moyamoya), and encephalitis (e.g., herpes encephalitis).

Conclusions:

• Radiological findings are vital for diagnosing epilepsy and identifying its causes.
• Advanced imaging techniques like DWI enhance the detection of subtle and early neuropathological changes associated with seizures.