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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

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Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Memory Function in Pilocarpine-induced Epileptic Mice
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[Epilepsy and dementia].

Seiichiro Ishigaki, Azusa Sugimoto, Mitsuru Kawamura

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |June 11, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Newly-onset epilepsy is more common in elderly patients in Japan. A significant portion of elderly epilepsy patients have dementia, highlighting the need to consider epilepsy with higher brain dysfunction (E-HBD) for effective treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Geriatrics
    • Epileptology

    Background:

    • Japan faces a growing elderly population and rising dementia cases.
    • Epilepsy incidence is notably high among the elderly population.

    Observation:

    • A 2007-2012 survey of 279 epilepsy patients revealed a higher frequency of newly-onset epilepsy in older adults.
    • Among 153 elderly epilepsy patients (≥65 years), 31 (20.2%) had dementia as an underlying condition.

    Findings:

    • Newly-onset epilepsy is increasingly prevalent in the elderly demographic.
    • Dementia is a significant underlying condition in a considerable percentage of elderly epilepsy patients.

    Implications:

    • Recognizing epilepsy with higher brain dysfunction (E-HBD) is crucial for comprehensive clinical evaluation.
    • Early identification of E-HBD can lead to timely interventions for treatable higher brain dysfunctions.