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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Dengue serosurvey in Sint Eustatius.

Teresa Leslie1, Nicholas J Martin2, Carol Jack-Roosberg3

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America; Eastern Caribbean Public Health Foundation, Sint Eustatius, Netherlands Dutch Caribbean.

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Dengue virus (DENV) infection is common on Sint Eustatius, with over 83% of residents showing antibodies. Longer island residence increases infection risk, indicating dengue is endemic and a public health concern.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology
  • * Epidemiology
  • * Public Health

Background:

  • * Dengue fever, caused by four distinct dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, is re-emerging globally, with increasing co-circulation of multiple serotypes in the Caribbean.
  • * Limited research exists on dengue prevalence and serotypes in Sint Eustatius, despite reports of severe dengue cases in the region.
  • * Understanding dengue seroprevalence is crucial for public health strategies in endemic areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To determine the prevalence of dengue virus antibodies in the population of Sint Eustatius.
  • * To identify the specific DENV serotypes circulating on the island.
  • * To investigate factors associated with dengue infection, such as age and length of residence.

Main Methods:

  • * Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-flavivirus antibodies in 204 serum samples.
  • * Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was employed to identify neutralizing antibodies against specific DENV serotypes.
  • * Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of dengue infection.

Main Results:

  • * Over 90% of samples tested positive for anti-flavivirus antibodies, with 171 (83.8%) showing neutralizing antibodies against one or more DENV serotypes.
  • * A majority of positive sera (62%) neutralized all four DENV serotypes; only 15% showed monotypic neutralization, predominantly against DENV2.
  • * Individuals under 20 years old showed antibodies only against DENV2, suggesting its circulation since the early 1990s, while longer island residence was a significant predictor of infection.

Conclusions:

  • * Dengue virus is endemic in Sint Eustatius, with a high seroprevalence indicated by widespread antibody presence across all four serotypes.
  • * The exclusive presence of DENV2 antibodies in younger individuals suggests a recent shift in circulating serotypes or a prolonged period of DENV2 dominance.
  • * Length of residence is a key factor for dengue infection, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions and further research.