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Related Concept Videos

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

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Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts—...
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Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
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Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

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Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

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The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Human Bone Marrow 3D Model to Investigate the Dynamics and Interactions Between Resident Cells in Physiological or Tumoral Contexts
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Bone hierarchical structure in three dimensions.

Natalie Reznikov1, Ron Shahar1, Steve Weiner1

  • 1Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Acta Biomaterialia
|June 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered two distinct materials within bone structure: ordered mineralized collagen and disordered collagen. This finding updates our understanding of bone

Keywords:
Bone hierarchical structureCanaliculiCollagen arraysFIB electron microscopyLamellar bone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bone is a complex hierarchical material comprising cells and interconnected processes.
  • Existing models of bone structure require updates based on new imaging techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the three-dimensional (3-D) structure of various bone materials.
  • To propose a new hierarchical scheme for bone tissue incorporating novel structural findings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized focused ion beam electron microscopy (FIB-SEM).
  • Employed the serial surface view method for 3-D reconstruction.
  • Analyzed rat lamellar bone, human lamellar bone, and minipig fibrolamellar bone.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct material components within bone.
  • Major component: ordered arrays of mineralized collagen fibrils.
  • Minor component: disordered collagen fibrils with embedded crystals and ground mass, containing canaliculi and cell processes.

Conclusions:

  • The newly identified disordered material is crucial for housing cellular components like canaliculi.
  • A revised hierarchical scheme for bone tissue is presented, updating previous models.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand structure-function relationships in bone.