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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
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Flavonoids and immune function in human: a systematic review.

Ilaria Peluso1, Cristiana Miglio, Giuseppa Morabito

  • 1a Antioxidant Research Laboratory , Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Alimenti e Nutrizione (INRAN) , Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome , Italy.

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Flavonoids from plant foods may influence immune function and disease prevention. However, human studies are limited, with only quercetin supplements extensively researched, necessitating further investigation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Immunology
  • Phytochemistry
  • Dietary Bioactive Compounds

Background:

  • Flavonoids, plant-derived polyphenolic compounds, are associated with various health benefits, including potential roles in disease prevention.
  • Their proposed mechanism involves the modulation of immune system responses.
  • Plant-rich diets are often linked to improved health outcomes, with flavonoids being key bioactive components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing scientific literature on the effects of flavonoid-rich foods and flavonoid supplements on human immune function.
  • To identify the extent of research on specific flavonoids and food sources in relation to immune modulation.
  • To assess the current evidence base for recommending flavonoids in immune health.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database.
  • Studies investigating the impact of flavonoid-rich foods and/or flavonoid supplements on immune markers were included.
  • Data extraction focused on in vivo proinflammatory cytokines and ex vivo immune function markers.

Main Results:

  • A total of 58 relevant studies were identified and reviewed.
  • The majority of studies (41) examined in vivo proinflammatory cytokines, while 15 assessed ex vivo immune function markers.
  • Evidence from human studies on specific flavonoid-rich foods is limited.
  • Quercetin is the only flavonoid supplement that has been investigated in human studies concerning immune function.

Conclusions:

  • The current body of human research on flavonoids as modulators of immune function is limited.
  • More extensive research is required to elucidate the precise role of various dietary flavonoids and their food sources in modulating human immune responses.
  • Further investigation into flavonoid supplements, beyond quercetin, is warranted to understand their immunomodulatory potential.